（輪機長業務知識需知）
1.?????? 曾經經歷的主機類型。是否經歷過BW主機具體的型號是。
2.?????? 曾經經歷過的重大機損事故，主機，發電機，鍋爐等。
3.?????? 特殊作業，您怎樣灌輸給下面的輪機員，保證安全可靠的作業。
4.?????? 您是否知道ISO14000。
5.?????? 您如何管理機艙，不把所有的都留給大管，全面檢查和深入機艙全部的機械設備，然后才能發現問題，繼而來貫徹執行未來的計劃。
6.?????? 簡述Loss of injury.
7.?????? 簡述Near miss report.
8.?????? 簡述Immediately response.
9.?????? 簡述Initially report.
10.? 管理流程-Policy-procedure-monitor-verification-feedback system-monthly report-accident investigation report-corrective action.
11.? 請問您畢業于什么院校。
12.? 做輪機長/大管輪多少資歷。
13.? 請問您多大年齡。
14.? 請問您都做過那些類型的船。
15.? 請您大概說說您服務過的管理公司。
16.? 請問您都做過那些類型的主機。
17.? 對于主機或發電機等您都做過那些大的工程。（比如，主機吊缸、換缸套、十字頭拆裝、主機增壓器、發電機換凸輪軸、等具體說明。）
18.? 大型主機在港內起車時，有時個別缸沒有立即發火，而是轉幾轉才發火，通常是那些原因。
19.? 港內停車時按理論上，各缸溫度應該一樣，但實際上，有的缸特別低。為什么。
20.? 做為輪機長，您如何進行risk assessment？
21.? 您如何領導輪機部人員開展工作？
22.? Marpol compliance,作為輪機長，您怎樣保證所有的輪機員能很好的執行。
23.? 您是否知道SECA。
24.? 您是否知道ISO14000
25.? 您是否經歷過PSC檢查被扣船。
26.? 您如何應對PSC檢查。
27.? 您知道什么是Carb Regulation.
28.? 您是否經歷過Alpha lubricator,如何檢查定時？
29.? 怎樣調節Alpha HMI。
30.? 常用的TBN值是多少。Seca區域，如何更換LSFO 和HSFO，LSFO的含硫限制是多少，HSFO的含硫量限制值是多少。SECA區域LSFO和HSFO怎樣更換，氣缸油怎么更換。
31.? 您以前經歷的船主機型號，油耗？汽缸油耗多少？
32.? BW主機排氣閥控制系統應注意那些管理。
33.? 主機排氣筏研磨時是包括閥桿和閥盤是從里向外還是從外想內，為什么。
34.? 主機高壓油泵拆裝時要注意什么。
35.? 您是否做過軸帶發電機。
36.? 按裝主機排氣閥時要注意什么。
37.? 您都做過那些發電機，DAIHATSU。YANMAR。
38.? 請說明密閉艙室安全作業的最小安全氧氣百分比？
39.? 如何制定加油計劃？
40.? 加油短缺。您如何處理？
41.? 是否經歷過重大的機械事故，您如何處理？
42.? 鍋爐水位在大修或進塢之前是好的，等恢復使用時，水位跟實際相差太大，怎么辦。
43.? 鍋爐在啟動或燃燒時都正常，有時在停止時會有警報發生,而正常的油溫。水位，MISFIRE，等警報都正常，只發現起動板上一個故障警報燈亮，通常是什么原因。
44.? 鍋爐航行時水位正常，而在港內時常常會出現水位或高或低的報警，水泵是不間斷供水，是什么原因。
45.? 您是否做過可變螺距漿。
46.? 您是否經歷過軸帶發電機。
47.? 階梯活塞的空壓機曲拐箱漏氣嚴重，通常是什么原因，作為C/E或1/E。您怎么辦？
48.? 大型主機在港內起車時，有時侯會不來車，通常是什么原因。
49.? 怎樣管理備件和物料。
50.? 加油時，如果發生overflow到甲板上，您應該怎么辦。
51.? 解釋接任輪機長時的重要事情？
52.? 解釋what is Standing order ?
53.? 解釋CE night order 包括哪些內容？
54.? 那些狀況禁止hot work?
55.? 說明船上的critical equipment？
56.? 主機突然停車，有哪些可能原因？
57.? 當燃油加溫時，需要注意什么？
58.? 主機增壓器喘振的原因？
59.? 您是否了解內審核外審？如何配合？
60.? 如何準備IOPP survey?
61.? Why MGPS非常重要？
62.? 如何檢查和實驗應急設備？
63.? puncture valve的作用？為什么要測取示功圖？
64.? How do you put down the ORB?
65.? where can you find the job on board?
66.? what is UMS?是否經歷過UMS?那些情況禁止UMS?
67.? 大型主機進港前S/B時應該注意檢查和實驗什么。
68.? 作為C/E，您怎樣處理機艙和甲板之間的關系。
69.? 作為C/E如果您遇到業務特別差的輪機員，您怎么辦。
70.? 對于期租或航租船，每次到港或到期，SURVEYOR要上船量油，如果由于不可抗拒的原因，油短缺了，作為C/E您怎么辦。
71.? 您是否更換過發電機曲軸或凸輪軸？
72.? 您怎樣組織和領導輪機人員開展工作？
73.? 加油時， 大量短缺怎么辦?
74.? 加油時， 如何取樣，一共取幾瓶？
75.? 如何確定主機的掃氣溫度？
76.? 如何確定燃油的溫度？
77.? 如何根據燃油的比重/黏度/油溫/熱值計算功率和油耗？
78.? 為什么，都是380 Cst的燃油，同樣的負荷，油耗差別很大？
79.? 從數據理論上如何判斷主機是否超負荷？
80.? 油水記錄簿誰負責？如何正確地記錄油水記錄簿？
81.? 關于加油準備/會議/數量確認/送化驗/取樣/化驗報告。
82.? 關于PSC 檢查的準備及要求？
83.? ISM要求制定PMS，如何根據PMS 制定保養計劃？
84.? 什么是SOPEP？
85.? crankshaft 故障可能的原因？
86.? 您是否到國美國港口？是否熟悉美國USCG的檢查？
輪機長面試問題及答案補充（來自于外派船員面試手冊）
??1.What items do you need to put down in the Oil Record Book?
? ? The matters related to the following items shall be entered in the??Oil Record Book every time:
? ? a.Ballasting or cleaning of fuel oil tanks.
? ? b.Discharge of??Dirty ballast or cleaning water from fuel oil tanks.
? ? c.Collection and disposal of oily residual substance(sludge).
? ? d.Non-automatic discharge or disposal otherwise of bilge in the machinery space.
? ? e.Automatic discharge or disposal otherwise of bilge in the machinery space.
? ? f.Conditions of the oil discharge monitoring and control system.
?g.Accidental or other execptional discharge of oil.
? ? h.Supply of fuel oil and bulk-loaded lubricating oil.
? ? i.Other work and neccessary matters.
輪機長面試問題及答案補充（來自于外派船員面試手冊）
2.There is a "U"tube which shows the air pressure differences on the air cooler of the main engine.Why is this tube put there?
??This tube shows the air pressure differences of the input and output air of the air cooler.which can tell whether the inside of air cooler is dirty or not.Normally speaking,the input air and output air pressure should be more or less the same.If there is big difference between the input and output air pressure,it means that the content of the air cooler is too dirty and needs chemical cleaning.
??安裝在主機空冷器上的“U”壓差計的作用是衡量空冷器內部氣面是否干凈，是否需要化學清洗。一般而言，“u”型管兩端的壓力讀數應該基本相似，若壓差較大，則說明空冷器內部較臟，需要化學清洗。
3.What should be considered when you order spare parts?
??When I order spare parts,the following factors need to be taken into consideration:
? ?First of all,I need follow the relevant stipulatiions of the company SMS manual.
??Second. seaworthiness of the vessel is the most important.We need to have sufficient spare parts which can guarantee the vessel going sailing smoothly and safely in the sea.But I need to avoid redundant spares.
??Third,I need to think about whether the port has the convenience to load the spares.
??Fourth, in order to be cost effective, I need try to avoid ordering some emergency spares.
??申請備件要考慮到公司的體系文件的要求。
輪機長英文面試問題及參考答案
輪機工是輪部的第一把手，也是船上僅次于船長的重要管理人員。實踐表明，沒有很好的輪機長是很難保證船舶的安全的。目前，世界主要船隊的船舶老化問題相當嚴重，而要保證大齡船舶的營運安全，沒有很好的輪機班子是很難實現的。因此，船東在面試船員時輪機長往往是他們考核的重點。特別是東南亞的很多船東公司，他們對輪機長的考核從技術到管理，每一環都很嚴格。對輪機工的經驗、技術和解決實際問題的能力尤其相當重視。我們認為，輪機長不但要有豐富的經驗、靈活的頭腦，也要有很好的管理能力和團隊工作精神，只有這樣，才能管好輪機班子，才能和船長以及甲板部的管理工作配合好。
另外，經驗表明，相對船長和甲板部隊的人員而言，輪機工的英語相對稍弱一些，希望在業余時間下苦功練習英語聽力和寫作。面試時主要是看你的聽力理解，而在國外船上干時主要是做一些英文的確PAPER WORK， 另一方面，隨著ISM的生效和強制實施，PSC檢查和EXTRA AUDIT方面的審核都要求一定的聽力和書寫方面的能力。
下面的一些問題不但有技術方面的，也有很多是管理方面的，請輪機長在閱讀時能舉一反三，聯想到其他船東可能考到的問題。
1.????? Can you tell something about your last ship? What types (brands) of main engine have you ever experienced?
My last ship (type of engine, horse power, trading area, GRT/DWT, etc.)
I have experience with several different types of main engines, such as Sulzer, B&W, MAN, PC etc.
2.????? What abilities should a Chief Engineer possess?
First, I think it is very important for a Chief Engineer to be skillful and proficient at work. Second, he should maintain good management in the engine department. Third, he should be able to try to motivate every person under his management by assigning jobs fairly among them. Fourth, he needs to be good in English and language communication. Last, it is very important for a Chief Engineer to maintain good relationship with the Master, the technical superintendent and other personnel from company, First Engineer and the Chief Officer. Above all, he should listen to orders from the Master in most cases.
輪機長不是船上的輪機總工程師，也是僅次于船長的重要的管理人員。因此，在做好自己技術工作的同時，更應該考慮如何做好管理工作。輪機長和船長的配合也是非常關鍵的。上面的答案僅供參考。
3.????? What were the consumption rates of cylinder lube oil and fuel oil in your previous ship?
For your reference: for a 10000HP main engine, the consumption rate of fuel oil could be roughly 20~25 tons per day, cylinder oil about 280~310 liters per day (depending on the engine type).
The duty engineer should check to see if the consumption is normal. The Second Engineer usually is responsible for checking the fuel oil and recording the figures in the Engine Log Book. Lube oil should be checked on every duty watch. The Chief Engineer is responsible for application of the supplies of lube oil and fuel oil.
4.????? Can you please describe in detail the bunkering procedures?
I should make a bunkering plan firstly according to the ship owner’s instructions and then report the plan to the Master for approval.
Secondly, a bunkering meeting should be held to specify the responsibilities of crew during the procedure.
Thirdly, preparations of the following like plugs, extinguishers, drums, alarms, communication means, and fuel oil system graphics (drawing) should be made.
Fourthly, I should order the Third Engineer to measure the oil volume in the supplier’s tanks and record the flow meter figures.
Bunkering starts after all is ready. I should order the duty engineer to take sounding all the time, especially at the beginning and at the end of bunkering each tank. My duty engineers should pay attention to the oil pressure, the temperature and the oil sample to be taken and used as evidence in the future.
Lastly, I should not sign the receipts, regardless of any delay, until quantities of the bunkered oil are confirmed. I should also note down any dispute over the quantity or adverse specifications of bunkers taken on the receipt and advise the company.
I should bear the following precautions in my mind during bunkering.
Before bunkering, I need to make sure that all scuppers are plugged and cemented. I should stop ballasting, de-ballasting and taking fresh water on board whist bunkering, if possible. If I have to do all the jobs together, I should take all care to prevent an overflow of water and fuel oil. If the decks become awash due to such water overflow or rain, then bunkering should be stopped whilst the scuppers are being drained.
5.????? Please tell me the minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of the workers in an enclosed space. Please describe the procedures of entry into and work in enclosed spaces.
More than 18% and no more than 23% of oxygen in an enclosed space will be OK for the safety of the workers.
The procedures are as follow
First, I should prepare an entry permit to be signed by the Master.
Second, before entry is allowed, all the relevant manholes should be opened for ventilation.
Third, the air and surrounding of the enclosed space should be tested to see whether it is safe.
Fourth, necessary equipment like the fire extinguisher, lights, communication equipments should be carried by the crew when entering.
Fifth, before entry into an enclosed space, a meeting regarding the work procedure should be held.
Lastly, when someone is working in a enclosed space, good communication between the crew inside and the crew outside should be maintained and the emergency rescue team should stand by for any rescue work.
When entering, at least one of the crew inside is to do the lookout job. During the crew’s stay in the space, ventilation should be continuously on to provide enough oxygen.
6.????? What is a “Bunkering Plan”?
A bunkering plan is made according to the owner’s and / or charterer’s order, the passage (voyage) plan, and capacity of the tanks, oil ROB, and so on. A bunkering plan is made by the Chief Engineer and approved by the Master and the company.
Generally, the volume of the bunkered oil shouldn’t exceed 85% of tank capacity.
7.????? What will you do if the oil supplied by the oil company is less than the agreed amount after bunkering?
Receipts should not be signed, regardless of any delay, until quantities are confirmed by all parties concerned. Any dispute over the quantity or adverse specifications of bunker taken shall be noted on the fuel receipt and the company should be advised accordingly.
8.????? Did you ever encounter any mechanic problems on board your previous vessels? How did you handle them?
It is suggested to answer this question frankly and honestly.
不必編造故事，除非故事是完整的，沒有任何疏漏的。
9.????? The ISM Code requires preventive maintenance schedules. How do you make your maintenance schedules?
According to the ISM Code, the preventive maintenance plan is made based on the ship’s “Planned Maintenance System” and the machinery running hour records. This plan should be made on an annual basis (or a five-year basis). Usually, the monthly maintenance schedules are made based on the annual preventive maintenance schedules are made based on the annual preventive maintenance plan and the basic occasional maintenance work.
10.? Have you ever been to the US ports? Are you familiar with the USCG inspections?
美國是是世界上港口國檢查最為嚴厲的國家之一。對輪機長來說，去過美國，經歷過美國的港口國檢查對船東來說是很重要的資歷。但是，若沒有去過，千萬不要生搬硬套，編造故事。另外，如果您做大管輪時去過，也是很好的經歷。
Some of the useful words you may use when you answer the question:
US ports: New York, New Orleans, San Francisco, Tampa, Houston, Mississippi River, etc.
USCG refers to the US coast guards.
The most important thing in US is the sanitation (hygiene). Besides, fire fighting equipments (FFE) and life saving apparatus (LSA) and training drills must be well prepared for check.
11.? What do you know about the “SOPEP”?
SOPEP means Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan. The SOPEP should contain (but not limited to) the following contents.
(1)?? Procedures to be followed by the Master or other crew in case of oil pollution.
(2)?? Pollution reporting system and the authority or persons to be contacted in the event of pollution including the telephone numbers etc.
(3)?? Detailed description of actions to be taken immediately by persons on board to reduce or control the discharge of oil after the incident.
(4)?? List of oil spill response equipment to be maintained and prepared on board. (Remover, sprayer, oil absorbent, saw dust, sand, waste rags, scoop, shovels, buckets, bamboo brooms, portable pump, protective clothing, portable containers). The essence of the Plan is to avoid any possible oil leakage and oil pollution.
Simply speaking, SOPEP should include such things as the emergency contacts (telephone and other communication means, address etc.), the equipment used in dealing with oil pollution, the muster list for oil pollution, the report procedure when the accident happen etc.
SOPEP is compulsory on board most of the ships according to the ISM code. IOPP is the certificate for the vessel that is qualified for the requirements issued by the Class on oil pollution prevention.
12.? What are the possible causes of crankshaft failure?
Too big or too small clearance between bush and shaft is one of the most possible reasons (曲軸間隙過大/過小). Other reasons include material problem, dirtiness of the lube oil, uneven loading (負荷不均) in each cylinder, bad lubricating (潤滑不良)，and deformation of frame and bedplate.
13.? What actions should be taken when there is oil overflow on deck during bunkering?
(1)?? Stop pumping and other operations first
(2)?? Ring the alarm immediately
(3)?? Crew should come to their respective position and take actions immediately according to the SOPEP
(4)?? If there is a possibility of fire, the Muster List for fire should be followed
(5)?? After finishing all the actions, records should be made on what has happened
(6)?? Draw lessons from the incident to avoid future reoccurrence of the same kind of incident
14.? Explain the important things when you take over from the previous Chief Engineer.
I shall familiarize myself with the following
(1)?? The engine department personnel
(2)?? The SMS manuals and other documents on board
(3)?? Conditions of the vessel, the engine and the equipment to see whether there are any problems left
(4)?? Any outstanding claims and incident reports in the service period of the previous Chief Engineer should be cleared
(5)?? Engine logbook
(6)?? The ROB volume of the fuel oil, the diesel oil, lube oil and chemicals
(7)?? CMS survey items
(8)?? PMS overdue items and relevant reports
After finishing all the items in the checklist for handover, we two shall sign our names for evidence, one copy of which with the signature of the master shall be sent to the company.
15.? Please explain what the Chief Engineer’s Standing Order is? What does Night Order include?
It is basically the Chief Engineer’s own set of instructions and orders for the operation of the engine department. The orders should include any particular operating procedures that the Chief Engineer wishes to emphasize. The set of standing orders and procedures must include the following:
Operating procedures for main engine
Operating procedures for auxiliary engine
Watch procedures
UMS procedures
When to call the Chief Engineer
Emergency shutdown procedures
Daily monitoring and logs
Arrival/Departure procedures
Operation of steering gear and test procedures
Bunkering procedures
Safe procedures in the engine room
Duties of junior engineers and ratings
Different vessels may lave different contents concerning the standing order of the Chief Engineer. But basically, the contents above should be covered. The standing order should be put in the engine control room and in the cabin of the Chief Engineer.
The night order should include such things as the warnings, lookout and when to call the Chief Engineer etc. The C/E needs to prepare night order every night before he goes to sleep.
16.? What is the UMS? Do you have any experience on UMS? Under what circumstances the engine rooms can not is operated in UMS way?
UMS means Unmanned (unattended) Machinery Space. I have experienced UMS on board one ship.
Under the following circumstances, the engine room cannot be operated in UMS way:
(1)?? When fire detection and extinguishing system are not fully operational
(2)?? When main engine monitoring, control and alarm system are not fully operational
(3)?? When key auxiliary equipment or its controls and alarm system are not fully operational
(4)?? The instruction from the Master demands that the engine room is to be manned
(5)?? When arrival/departure in port
(6)?? During cargo operation and on other occasions when the Chief Engineer determines that the engine room should remain manned
17.? When do you apply emergency shutdown procedures and what do you shut down?
Emergency shutdown includes (1) main engine emergency shutdown (2) ventilation emergency shutdown (3) fuel oil valves emergency shutdown (4) Sky light quick closing (5) ventilator quick closing damper. Emergency shutdown are used when emergency situations (e.g. fire etc) happens.
18.? What do the engine room safety procedures include?
The safety procedures include the procedures for maintenance work, overhaul and lifting subjects, high-location and multi-layer (多層和高空作業)，hull side work, hot work, entry into enclosed space, cleaning and painting, using steel bottle and so on.
19.? Name some critical (important) equipment in the engine room on board your last vessel.
According to the SMS manuals of the company on board my last vessel, the following engines and machine are critical equipment: Steering gear, winch and windlass, emergency battery, generator and emergency generator, main engines, life-boat engine, fire extinguisher pump, oil-water separator.
Different companies may name different critical equipment on board different ships. Anyway, critical equipment should be given full care in daily work and should be checked and recorded periodically.
As far as I know, some companies just name main engine, steering gear, and generator as critical equipment. Some other companies also include winch, mooring equipment, lifeboat engine etc. on the critical equipment list.
20.? Under what conditions is hot work not allowed?
Hot work is not allowed under the following conditions.
(1)?? During cargo operation when handling flammable cargoes unless the ship has obtained permission from terminal or port authority
(2)?? During bunkering
(3)?? In enclosed spaces or where atmosphere is suspicious
(4)?? On the top of the oil tanks, or any bulkhead or deck bordering on oil tanks
(5)?? When vessel is alongside
(6)?? Some other occasions that the Chief Engineer and the Master think it not allowable
(7)?? Under heavy weather condition
21.? What is ILO Convention147? What is ISGOTT? What is COLREGS 1972?
ILO Convention 147 is The Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (No. 147) (and its Protocol of 1996). This rule is made by the International Labor Organization Conference. In this Convention, the minimum internationally acceptable labor standards for seamen in merchant ships are stipulated. Convention No. 147 requires the flag State to adopt minimum standards relating to safety, social security, and shipboard conditions of employment and living arrangements to be observed in merchant shipping registered under any flag.
ISGOTT means International safety Guidelines for oil Tankers and Terminals. COLREGS means Convention on international regulations for preventing collisions at sea. These two are normal publications on board the vessel.
22.? How often did the superintendent of your last vessel come on board for inspection? How will you cooperate with the superintendent of the company in the future?
Twice a year. But for other vessels, the superintendents may come on the board more often than this. The superintendents come on board to check the ship’s maintenance, the crew and management situation on board and put forward some suggestions.
I will respect the superintendent and try to make his work easier. Besides, during his stay on board, I will discuss with him on some important matters concerning the maintenance of the machines and the management of the engine crew.
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